Plantar fasciitis is a common foot condition characterized by pain and inflammation in the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the heel to the toes. The condition is defined by the presence of sharp, stabbing pain in the heel, particularly noticeable with the first steps in the morning or after sitting for long periods. This discomfort is often caused by repetitive stress or strain on the plantar fascia, which can result from activities that involve prolonged standing, walking, or running, especially on hard surfaces. Factors that contribute to the development of plantar fasciitis include poor foot mechanics, such as flat feet or high arches, as well as wearing unsupportive footwear, obesity, and increased physical activity. Treatment for plantar fasciitis generally begins with conservative measures aimed at reducing inflammation and relieving pain. Resting the affected foot, applying ice, and taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage symptoms. Stretching exercises targeting the calf muscles and the plantar fascia are beneficial in alleviating pain and improving flexibility. Supportive footwear with adequate arch support and cushioned soles, or custom orthotics, can also provide relief. In cases where symptoms persist despite conservative treatment, additional interventions such as physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, or, in rare instances, surgical options may be considered. Preventive measures, including maintaining a healthy weight and using proper footwear, can help reduce the likelihood of developing plantar fasciitis.
